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Estimation of distribution algorithm enhanced particle swarm optimization for water distribution network

Xuewei QI,Ke LI,Walter D. POTTER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 341-351 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0776-z

摘要： The optimization of a water distribution network (WDN) is a highly nonlinear, multi-modal, and constrained combinatorial problem. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been shown to be a fast converging algorithm for WDN optimization. An improved estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) using historic best positions to construct a sample space is hybridized with PSO both in sequential and in parallel to improve population diversity control and avoid premature convergence. Two water distribution network benchmark examples from the literature are adopted to evaluate the performance of the proposed hybrid algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms achieved the literature record minimum (6.081 M$) for the small size Hanoi network. For the large size Balerma network, the parallel hybrid achieved a slightly lower minimum (1.921M?) than the current literature reported best minimum (1.923M?). The average number of evaluations needed to achieve the minimum is one order smaller than most existing algorithms. With a fixed, small number of evaluations, the sequential hybrid outperforms the parallel hybrid showing its capability for fast convergence. The fitness and diversity of the populations were tracked for the proposed algorithms. The track record suggests that constructing an EDA sample space with historic best positions can improve diversity control significantly. Parallel hybridization also helps to improve diversity control yet its effect is relatively less significant.

关键词： particle swarm optimization (PSO)     diversity control     estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA)     water distribution network (WDN)     premature convergence     hybrid strategy    

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Hazard and vulnerability evaluation of water distribution system in cases of contamination intrusion

Kunlun XIN, Tao TAO, Yong WANG, Suiqing LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第6期   页码 839-848 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0409-8

摘要： In this paper, it proposed an index system for hazard and vulnerability evaluations of water distribution networks, based on the simulation of contamination events caused by pollutant injections at different junctions. It attempted to answer the following two questions in the case of contamination events: 1) Which are the most hazardous junctions? 2) Which are the most vulnerable junctions? With EPANET toolkit, it simulated the propagation of the contaminant, and calculated the peak concentration of the contaminant and mass delivered at different nodes. According to types of consumers, different weights were assigned to the consumer nodes for assessing the influence of the contaminant on the consumers. Using the method proposed herein, both the hazard index and vulnerability index were calculated for each node in the pipe network. The presented method was therefore applied to the water network of the city of Zhenjiang, which contains two water plants, two booster pump stations with storage tanks. In conclusion, the response time, the relationships between the peak concentration of contaminant and the total absorption are the most important factors in hazard and vulnerability evaluation of the water distribution network.

关键词： water distribution network     hazard     vulnerability     contaminant accident    

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Optimal locations of monitoring stations in water distribution systems under multiple demand patterns

Shuming LIU, Wenjun LIU, Jinduan CHEN, Qi WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 204-212 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0364-9

摘要： A flaw of demand coverage method in solving optimal monitoring stations problem under multiple demand patterns was identified in this paper. In the demand coverage method, the demand coverage of each set of monitoring stations is calculated by accumulating their demand coverage under each demand pattern, and the impact of temporal distribution between different time periods or demand patterns is ignored. This could lead to miscalculation of the optimal locations of the monitoring stations. To overcome this flaw, this paper presents a Demand Coverage Index (DCI) based method. The optimization considers extended period unsteady hydraulics due to the change of nodal demands with time. The method is cast in a genetic algorithm framework for integration with Environmental Protection Agency Net (EPANET) and is demonstrated through example applications. Results show that the set of optimal locations of monitoring stations obtained using the DCI method can represent the water quality of water distribution systems under multiple demand patterns better than the one obtained using previous methods.

关键词： demand coverage     monitoring     optimization     water distribution network     water quality    

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自控阀在给水管网中布置方法的研究

张宏伟,郭祎萍,牛志广,张丽

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第7期   页码 71-75

摘要：

提出了一个通过管网水力计算在管网中实现自控阀合理布置的方法。将自控阀的局部水头损失引入管网水力计算当中，计算自控阀在每个管段不同开启度条件下对管网压力变化的影响程度，提出管网影响度的概念。并以实例管网进行验证，得出了自控阀在管网中合理布置的一般原则。研究证明，该方法具有实用、简便、易于操作等特点，非常有利于在供水企业中的应用。

关键词： 自控阀     给水管网     布置     管网影响度    

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城市给水管网恒定流和瞬变流数学模型研究

汪守东,沈永明,姜恒志

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第12期   页码 26-30

摘要：

首先基于节点方程法，建立了给水管网恒定流数学模型，并采用经改进的牛顿迭代法实现了对模型的求解；其次由特征线法建立了给水管网瞬变流数学模型，可预测管网运行中出现的有害水击，并求得可能出现的最大(最小)水压及其相应发生的位置。实例研究表明，建立的模型是可靠的，且具有计算速度快、精度高等优点，可以用于城市给水管网的水力平衡数值模拟研究和为设计者防护水击所采取的措施提供理论依据。

关键词： 给水管网     恒定流     瞬变流     水击     牛顿迭代法    

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Distributed energy management for networked microgrids in a three-phase unbalanced distribution network

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 446-446 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0851-7

摘要： Owing to increased penetration of three-phase and single-phase microgrids, distributed energy resources (DERs), and responsive loads, the maintenance of a three-phase balance by distribution networks is a significant challenge. Existing literature on distributed energy management for networked microgrids generally neglects the distribution network or employs a simplified phase balanced distribution network; thus, these evaluations are not applicable. Further, the underlying mutual coupling between the different phases of distribution feeders results in a more challenging situation. To solve this issue, this study sought to propose distributed energy management based on a three-phase unbalanced distribution network. Various three-phase or single-phase microgrids, utility-owned DERs, and responsive loads were coordinated through iteratively adjusted price signals. Based on the price signals received, the microgrid controllers (MCs) and distribution management system (DMS) updated the schedules of the DERs and responsive loads under their jurisdiction separately. The price signals were then updated according to the generation-load mismatch at each node and distributed to the corresponding MCs and DMS for the next iteration. The iteration continued until a sufficiently small generation-load mismatch was achieved at all nodes, that is, a balanced generation and load at all nodes under the agreed price signals. Considering a three-phase unbalanced distribution network, the price signals were determined per phase per node. Overall, the proposed distributed energy management coordinates microgrids, utility-owned DERs, responsive loads with guaranteed network constraints, and preserves the privacy of microgrid customers. This distributed energy management method was further demonstrated through various case studies on a three-phase networked microgrid test system.

关键词： distributed optimization     energy management     networked microgrids     three-phase distribution network     distributed energy resources    

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Data-driven distribution network topology identification considering correlated generation power of distributed

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 121-129 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0780-x

摘要： This paper proposes a data-driven topology identification method for distribution systems with distributed energy resources (DERs). First, a neural network is trained to depict the relationship between nodal power injections and voltage magnitude measurements, and then it is used to generate synthetic measurements under independent nodal power injections, thus eliminating the influence of correlated nodal power injections on topology identification. Second, a maximal information coefficient-based maximum spanning tree algorithm is developed to obtain the network topology by evaluating the dependence among the synthetic measurements. The proposed method is tested on different distribution networks and the simulation results are compared with those of other methods to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： power distribution network     data-driven     topology identification     distributed energy resource     maximal information coefficient    

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Copper and zinc interaction on water clearance and tissue metal distribution in the freshwater mussel

Tianxiang XIA, Xuehua LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 236-242 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0218-8

摘要： Copper and zinc interaction on clearance from water and distribution in different tissues was investigated for the freshwater mussel, , under laboratory conditions. Clearance rate of Cu or Zn from water was highly dependent on exposure concentration. Interaction effect was most evident at 300 μg·L Cu exposure and depressed the Zn clearance rate significantly ( <0.05). However, the presence of 100 μg·L and 300 μg·L Zn hardly affected the Cu clearance rate. The 300 μg·L Cu presence enhanced Cu accumulation in each tissue most significantly ( <0.01), but caused Zn content to decrease in the gills by 62% ( <0.05), viscera by 49% ( <0.05) and foot by 31% ( <0.05), and increase in the mantle by 97% ( <0.05) and the muscles by 243% ( <0.05) for different Zn exposure treatments. The response of metal accumulation in various tissues of the test mussels indicated that Zn transferred from the gills, viscera and foot to the mantle and muscles might be one of the important characteristics of the Zn regulatory mechanism by leading to a narrow range of Zn concentration in the different tissues.

关键词： interaction     mussel     copper     zinc     clearance     distribution    

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Molecular analysis of bacterial community in the tap water with different water ages of a drinking waterdistribution system

Feng Wang, Weiying Li, Yue Li, Junpeng Zhang, Jiping Chen, Wei Zhang, Xuan Wu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1020-4

摘要： Bacterial community in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) was regulated by multiple environmental factors, many of which varied as a function of water age. In this study, four water samples with different water ages, including finished water (FW, 0 d) and tap water (TW) [TW1 (1 d), TW2(2 d) and TW3(3 d)], were collected along with the mains of a practical DWDS, and the bacterial community was investigated by high-throughput sequencing technique. Results indicated that the residual chlorine declined with the increase of water age, accompanied by the increase of dissolved organic matter, total bacteria counts and bacterial diversity (Shannon). For bacterial community composition, although Proteobacteria phylum (84.12%-97.6%) and Alphaproteobacteria class (67.42%-93.09%) kept dominate, an evident regular was observed at the order level. In detail, the relative abundance of most of other residual orders increased with different degrees from the start to the end of the DWDS, while a downward trend was uniquely observed in terms of Rhizobiales, who was inferred to be chlorine-resistant and be helpful for inhibiting pipes corrosion. Moreover, some OTUs were found to be closely related with species possessing pathogenicity and chlorine-resistant ability, so it was recommended that the use of agents other than chlorine or agents that can act synergically with chlorine should be developed for drinking water disinfection. This paper revealed bacterial community variations along the mains of the DWDS and the result was helpful for understanding bacterial ecology in the DWDS.

关键词： Bacterial community     Water age     High-throughput sequencing technique     Drinking water distribution system    

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Application of Ice Pigging in a Drinking Water Distribution System: Impacts on Pipes and Bulk Water Quality

Yujing Huang,Zhiwei Chen,Guilin He,Yu Shao,Shuang Song,Feilong Dong,Tuqiao Zhang,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.016

摘要： Ice pigging is an emerging technique for pipe cleaning in drinking water distribution systems. However, substantial confusion and controversy exist on the potential impacts of ice pigging on bulk water quality. This study monitored the microstructural features and composition of sediments and microbial community structures in bulk water in eight multimaterial Chinese networks. Chloride concentration analysis demonstrated that separate cleaning of pipes with different materials in complex networks could mitigate the risk of losing ice pigs and degrading water quality. The microstructural and trace element characterization results showed that ice pigs would scarcely disturb the inner surfaces of long-used pipes. The bacterial richness and diversity of bulk water decreased significantly after ice pigging. Furthermore, correlations were established between pipe service age, temperature, total iron and chloride concentrations, and the 15 most abundant taxa in bulk water, which could be used to guide practical ice pigging operations.

关键词： Ice pigging     Pipe cleaning     Drinking water distribution system     Bacterial community     Sediments    

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A red water occurrence in drinking water distribution systems caused by changes in water source in Beijing

ZHANG Xiaojian,MI Zilong,WANG Yang,LIU Shuming,NIU Zhangbin,LU Pinpin,WANG Jun,GU Junnong,CHEN Chao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 417-426 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0558-4

摘要： A red water phenomenon occurred in several communities few days after the change of water source in Beijing, China in 2008. In this study, the origin of this problem, the mechanism of iron release and various control measures were investigated. The results indicated that a significant increase in sulphate concentration as a result of the new water source was the cause of the red water phenomenon. The mechanism of iron release was found that the high-concentration sulphate in the new water source disrupted the stable shell of scale on the inner pipe and led to the release of iron compounds. Experiments showed that the iron release rate in the new source water within pipe section was over 11-fold higher than that occurring within the local source water. The recovery of tap water quality lasted several months despite ameliorative measures being implemented, including adding phosphate, reducing the overall proportion of the new water source, elevating the pH and alkalinity, and utilizing free chlorine as a disinfectant instead of chloramine. Adding phosphate was more effective and more practical than the other measures. The iron release rate was decreased after the addition of 1.5 mg·L orthophosphate- P, tripolyphosphate-P and hexametaphosphate-P by 68%, 83% and 87%, respectively. Elevating the pH and alkalinity also reduced the iron release rate by 50%. However, the iron release rate did not decreased after replacing chloramine by 0.5–0.8 mg·L of free chlorine as disinfectant.

关键词： iron release     drinking water distribution system     sulphate     phosphate     red water control     water quality stability    

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Planning and analysis of the demonstration project of the MVDC distribution network in Zhuhai

Lu QU, Zhanqing YU, Qiang SONG, Zhichang YUAN, Biao ZHAO, Dawei YAO, Jianfu CHEN, Yao LIU, Rong ZENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 120-130 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0599-2

摘要： The DC distribution system is an important development direction of the distribution system, which can improve the reliability and the quality of the power supply, and support the new energy, the energy storage, the electric vehicles, and the flexible access of AC and DC loads to grid. To realize the demonstration application of the DC distribution technology, China’s first demonstration project of the medium voltage DC distribution network will be built in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province to support the construction of the city energy internet. First, this paper analyzes the demand of the DC distribution network project, and puts forward the construction content and construction target. Then, it designs and analyzes the electrical connection mode, system operation mode, and startup and shutdown mode of the DC distribution network, and proposes the overall project construction plan. Finally, it conducts the specific project design and analysis, which mainly include the selection of equipment such as inverters, DC transformers and DC circuit breakers, the design and analysis of the DC control and protection system, the design and analysis of the over-voltage protection and the configuration scheme of the lightning arrester, and analysis of the system transient characteristics. The design and analysis of the engineering program is a combination of China’s distribution network engineering practice and technical characteristics, which lays a solid foundation for the advancement of the DC power distribution technology in China, and has reference value and demonstration effect for the design and construction of other projects.

关键词： MVDC distribution network     DC solid state transformer     DC circuit breaker     modular multilevel converter    

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A novel power system reconfiguration for a distribution system with minimum load balancing index using

K. Sathish KUMAR, T. JAYABARATHI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 260-265 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0196-8

摘要： In this paper, the objective of minimum load balancing index (LBI) for the 16-bus distribution system is achieved using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA). The feeder reconfiguration problem is formulated as a non-linear optimization problem and the optimal solution is obtained using BFOA. With the proposed reconfiguration method, the radial structure of the distribution system is retained and the burden on the optimization technique is reduced. Test results are presented for the 16-bus sample network, the proposed reconfiguration method has effectively decreased the LBI, and the BFOA technique is efficient in searching for the optimal solution.

关键词： bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA)     distribution system     network reconfiguration     load balancing index (LBI)     radial network    

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Potential shift of bacterial community structure and corrosion-related bacteria in drinking water distributionpipeline driven by water source switching

Yue Hu, Ding Dong, Kun Wan, Chao Chen, Xin Yu, Huirong Lin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1320-3

摘要： Abstract • Bacterial release from aged pipe sections under extreme conditions was quantified. • Released bacterial community structure exhibited large variation after transition. • Risks from transition reduced significantly with cleaner source. As a result of pollution in the present water sources, cities have been forced to utilize cleaner water sources. There are few reports regarding the potential shift of bacterial community structure driven by water source switching, especially that of corrosion-related bacteria. Three types of finished water were used for simulation, the polluted source water from the Qiantang and Dongtiaoxi Rivers (China) was replaced by cleaner water from Qiandao Lake (China). Here, we discussed the transition effects through three simulated reactors. The bacterial characteristics were identified using the high-throughput sequencing and heterotrophic plate count method. It was observed that the level of culturable bacteria declined by 2–3 orders of magnitude after water source switching. The bacterial community released from the pipeline reactor was significantly different under different finished water, and it exhibited large variation at the genus level. Porphyrobacter (58.2%) and Phreatobacter (14.5%) clearly replaced Novosphingobium, Aquabacterium, and Cupriavidus as new dominant genera in system A, which could be attributed to the lower carbon and nitrogen content of the new water source. Although corrosion-inhibiting bacteria decreased after switching, they still maintained dominant in three reactors (6.6%, 15.9%, and 19.7%). Furthermore, potential opportunistic pathogens such as Sphingomonas were detected. Our study shows that after transition to a high quality water source, the total culturable bacteria released was in a downtrend, which leads to a great reduction in the risk of bacterial leakage in the produced drinking water.

关键词： Drinking water biosafety     Water source switching     Drinking water distribution system     Transition effects     High-throughput sequencing    

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Modeling effects of a tidal barrage on water quality indicator distribution in the Severn Estuary

Guanghai GAO, Roger A. FALCONER, Binliang LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 211-218 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0464-1

摘要： In this study, emphasis has focused on assessing the potential hydro-environmental impacts of a barrage across the Severn Estuary, with a numerical model being developed and applied to the estuary to assess the impacts of proposed Severn Barrage on the hydrodynamic, sediment transport and faecal indicator organism distribution within the estuary. The results show that the Severn Barrage has the potential to reduce the tidal currents in a highly dynamic estuary. This leads to the reduction of suspended sediment concentrations, which in turn affects the bacterial transport processes which is highly related to the sediment transport processes.

关键词： water quality indicator     Severn Estuary     numerical model     tidal energy    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Estimation of distribution algorithm enhanced particle swarm optimization for water distribution network

Xuewei QI,Ke LI,Walter D. POTTER

期刊论文

Hazard and vulnerability evaluation of water distribution system in cases of contamination intrusion

Kunlun XIN, Tao TAO, Yong WANG, Suiqing LIU

期刊论文

Optimal locations of monitoring stations in water distribution systems under multiple demand patterns

Shuming LIU, Wenjun LIU, Jinduan CHEN, Qi WANG

期刊论文

自控阀在给水管网中布置方法的研究

张宏伟,郭祎萍,牛志广,张丽

期刊论文

城市给水管网恒定流和瞬变流数学模型研究

汪守东,沈永明,姜恒志

期刊论文

Distributed energy management for networked microgrids in a three-phase unbalanced distribution network

期刊论文

Data-driven distribution network topology identification considering correlated generation power of distributed

期刊论文

Copper and zinc interaction on water clearance and tissue metal distribution in the freshwater mussel

Tianxiang XIA, Xuehua LIU

期刊论文

Molecular analysis of bacterial community in the tap water with different water ages of a drinking waterdistribution system

Feng Wang, Weiying Li, Yue Li, Junpeng Zhang, Jiping Chen, Wei Zhang, Xuan Wu

期刊论文

Application of Ice Pigging in a Drinking Water Distribution System: Impacts on Pipes and Bulk Water Quality

Yujing Huang,Zhiwei Chen,Guilin He,Yu Shao,Shuang Song,Feilong Dong,Tuqiao Zhang,

期刊论文

A red water occurrence in drinking water distribution systems caused by changes in water source in Beijing

ZHANG Xiaojian,MI Zilong,WANG Yang,LIU Shuming,NIU Zhangbin,LU Pinpin,WANG Jun,GU Junnong,CHEN Chao

期刊论文

Planning and analysis of the demonstration project of the MVDC distribution network in Zhuhai

Lu QU, Zhanqing YU, Qiang SONG, Zhichang YUAN, Biao ZHAO, Dawei YAO, Jianfu CHEN, Yao LIU, Rong ZENG

期刊论文

A novel power system reconfiguration for a distribution system with minimum load balancing index using

K. Sathish KUMAR, T. JAYABARATHI

期刊论文

Potential shift of bacterial community structure and corrosion-related bacteria in drinking water distributionpipeline driven by water source switching

Yue Hu, Ding Dong, Kun Wan, Chao Chen, Xin Yu, Huirong Lin

期刊论文

Modeling effects of a tidal barrage on water quality indicator distribution in the Severn Estuary

Guanghai GAO, Roger A. FALCONER, Binliang LIN

期刊论文